ABSTRACT
Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Maternal physiological adaptations in pregnancy, and the physiological state of relative immune suppression, place pregnant women at increased risk of infection [1,2]. The present study is important due to the tremendous impact Covid 19 has on people at large, especially expectant mothers. In our study, we collected information on pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim and Objective: 1) To estimate clinical features, maternal and perinatal outcome of Covid 19, during first, second and third wave of covid pandemic 2) To compare the Obstetric outcome in first and second wave with third wave. 3) To estimate vertical transmission to new born child in this institution as evidenced by test positivity. Method(s): Retrospective observational study was designed to examine the clinical characteristics and outcome of covid positive pregnancies admitted in our institution. Result(s): In our study of 266 pregnant women with covid, it was noticed that the mean age of the patients was found to be 27.55 years with a standard deviation of +/-4.99 years. 55.64% of cases belonged to category B1, 33.08% in B2 and 11.28% in C. 2nd wave had more patients in category C. Gestational diabetes complicated 28.95% and hypertension in 17.29% of study population. Inflammatory markers were more elevated in 2nd and 3rd wave. There was a total maternal death of 11 patients. Out of this, 10 was (91%) due to covid pneumonia and ARDS. Breast feeding was given for 88.7% of the babies and for 88% of the babies rooming in was practiced. Only 2.6% of the babies turned positive within a week. Conclusion(s): Our study shows that expectant mothers were more severely affected in the second wave. Maternal mortality was associated with increased maternal age (> 35 years), raised CRP levels (> 75mg/L) and higher D dimer levels (> 3000 ng/ml) and is found to be statistically significant. There is no evidence to show any vertical transmission of the disease as only 2.1% of the neonates (7nos) were affected within a week. Copyright © 2022, Dr Yashwant Research Labs Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Social distancing is of key importance during the current pandemic. It helps limit the spread of COVID by observing distance between disease spreading individuals. Now it is not possible to station a person 24x7 at each queue to monitor social distancing violations. Banks, Public Offices, Malls, Schools, Theatre, etc.., usually see long queues for hours every day. To ensure social distancing in queues we hereby design a social distancing monitoring robot. The robot consists of a four wheel design system used to drive the robotic vehicle. It makes use of a line following principle to constantly move along with the queue and monitor for social distancing violations. The robot use IR sensor to travel along with the queue to and front in order to detect violations. The robot is now equipped with the obstacle detecting ultrasonic sensor in order to detect obstacles in the vehicle path. The robotic vehicle uses other ultrasonic sensor for detecting distance between two individuals in a queue. It any two individuals are found having less than three feet distance between them, the robot instantly sounds a buzzer and alert to inform about the violation, also it sends alerts of these violations along with a camera picture using WiFi over IoT to inform the higher authorities or head office to update them about violations with proof so instant disciplinary action can be taken. Thus this work allows for automatic maintaining social distancing in queues help to prevent the spread of the Corona virus
ABSTRACT
History taking and clinical interviewing is usually the start of medical contact with patients with chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus in primary care. The current novel corona virus-19 epidemic has limited our ability to conduct in-person consultations with patients as before and most of us limit physical contact to the minimum. This has made the process of history taking either by virtual consultations or physically in our offices but by maintaining appropriate physical distance more important than even before. This review summarizes an easy-to-understand hierarchy of questioning to help us in maximizing the information obtained by history taking. We initiate the clinical interview with a warm welcome and first focus on the primary felt need of the patient. Then we interview the patient about his duration and current control of his diabetes. The second part of the interview focuses on current clinical status including reviewing for complications and co-morbidities. The third part focuses on current ongoing management including life style, diet, glucose lowering and other drugs and the use of complementary and alternative medicines. The fourth part of the interview focuses on emotional status including religious and cultural beliefs about diabetes management and presence of diabetes related distress. Special attention should be paid to the financial status of patients who are paying for their treatment out of pocket. The interview should conclude with summarization of current issues with regards to diabetes management and a therapeutic plan individualized for the patient.